Incidencia y factores relacionados con el síndrome climatérico en una población de mujeres mexicanas / Incidence and factor related to climacteric syndrome in a population of Mexican women

Objetivo: Determinar las características del entorno familiar y actitud frente a la menopausia y su influencia en el síndrome climatérico. Métodos: Estudio comparativo en mujeres con menopausia que acudieron como acompañantes a las Unidades de Medicina Familiar de Querétaro, México. De Julio 2004 a Febrero 2005. Se formaron dos grupos: sin y con sintomatología del climaterio, los resultados fueron analizados con t de student, Chi cuadrado y Odds Ratio con un valor alfa de 0,05. Resultados: De 140 mujeres entrevistadas, 94 (67 por ciento) refirieron algún síntoma relacionado con el climaterio. Los factores que se asociaron al climaterio con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05) fueron: pareja disfuncional (OR: 4,69), baja autoestima (OR: 4,52), actitud negativa frente al climaterio (OR: 3,4), antecedentes del uso de anticonceptivos orales (OR: 2,69) y familia disfuncional (OR: 2,48). La residencia, escolaridad, ocupación, paridad, tener pareja sexual actual, índice de masa corporal, ejercicio, tabaquismo, alcoholismo, tipología familiar, cohesión familiar, no presentaron asociación significativa. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron: fatiga (69 por ciento), bochornos (67 por ciento), piel seca (47 por ciento), cefalea (46 por ciento), irritabilidad (43 por ciento), insomnio (39 por ciento), ansiedad (39 por ciento), disminución de la libido (36 por ciento), depresión (34 por ciento), pérdida de la concentración y/o memoria (30 por ciento), artralgias (29 por ciento), resequedad vaginal (24 por ciento). Conclusiones: El entorno familiar, conyugal y una predisposición negativa ante la menopausia favorecen la presentación de síntomas climatéricos, por lo que es importante un manejo integral e interdisciplinario para el manejo del climaterio.

Objective: To determine the characteristics of the family environment and the attitude to menopause and its influence on the climateric syndrome. Methods: It was a comparative study on menopausal women who were attended to the Family Medicine Units in Querétaro, México, from July 2004 to February 2005. Two groups were formed: one with and one without climateric symptoms. The results were analyzed with Chi Square and Odds Ratio with an alpha value 0.05. Results: Of 140 women interview, 94 (67 percent) mentioned some climateric-related symptom. The factors associated with climateric with a significant statistical difference (p< 0.05) were: dysfunctional couple (OR: 4.69), low self-esteem (OR: 4.52), negative attitude to climateric (OR: 3.4), history of oral contraceptive use (OR: 2.69), dysfunctional family (OR: 2.48). Residence, education, occupation, history of childbirth, being in an active sexual relationship, body mass, exercise, nicotine addiction, alcoholism, family typology and family cohesion had no significant association. The most common symptoms were fatigue (69 percent), hot rashes (67 percent), dry skin (47 percent), headache (46 percent), irritability (43 percent), insomnia (39 percent), anxiety (39 percent), reduction in libido (36 percent), depression (34 percent), loss of concentration and/or memory (30 percent), arthralgia (29 percent), vaginal dryness (24 percent). Conclusions: The family and conjugal environment and a negative predisposition to menopause are more likely to cause climateric symptoms, for which reason an integral and interdisciplinary handling of the climateric period is very important.

Programa de inmunización contra la influenza para adultos de 65 años o más en una farmacia de comunidad en Puerto Rico / Immunization program against influenza for adults 65 years or older at a community pharmacy in Puerto Rico

Evaluate the educational needs of adults over 65 years or more with regards to the vaccine, vaccination and immunization against the influenza, design strategies to assist the educational needs and implant and evaluate an immunization program at an independent community pharmacy. A study divided into three phases: Phase I--evaluation of the educational needs related to the vaccine, vaccination and immunization. Phase II--designing of strategies to assist the needs. Phase III--a random longitudinal controlled study to evaluate an immunization program against the influenza implanted at an independent community pharmacy. One hundred (100) patients participated, randomly assigned to a controlled and experimental group. Three months into the study's Phase III, a 68of the experimental group had been vaccinated and showed a tendency to improvement in knowledge; in the controlled group, a 32had been vaccinated and did not show a tendency in improvement of knowledge. A year into the study's Phase III, a 76of the experimental group had been vaccinated and 24of the controlled group was vaccinated. The satisfaction average of the experimental group towards the pharmacist was 3.94 +/- 0.18 and, in the controlled group was 3.98 +/- 0.20, whiting a scale of 0-04. People who participated in an educational activity offered by a pharmacist showed: more knowledge, remembered what they learned and an increase in influenza vaccination.

Infeccion de la derivacion ventriculoauricular con nefritis. / Infection of the ventriculoatrial derivation with nephritis

Se informa de seis pacientes quienes desarrollaron bacteremia acompanada de enfermedad glomerular, corroborada por biopsia en cinco de ellos entre 15 dias y tres anos y medio despues de colocarseles una derivacion ventriculoauricular. El tratamiento con antimicrobianos y el retiro de la valvula se acompano de desaparicion de los sintomas y regresion de las lesiones histologicas en los casos en que pudo realizarse una segunda biopsia. La bacteremia cronica es una causa de glomerulonefritis reversible